
Limestone caves form due to the chemical weathering of limestone bedrock caused by natural acid present in groundwater and rainwater.
As rain falls to the ground, it dissolves carbon dioxide in the air to form weak carbonic acid. This acidity causes solution or chemical weathering to limestone bedrock which eventually creates a limestone cave over a long time of gradual weathering.
There is also carbon dioxide in the soil, which the groundwater dissolves to form weak carbonic acid. To weather limestone bedrock, the weak carbonic acid water has to seep through layers of the earth along cracks and other weak points to reach the limestone bedrock.
Once the acidic solution reaches the limestone, it dissolves it and forms holes that grow over many years to form full-fledged limestone caves.





